Variable density responses of primate communities to hunting pressure in a western Amazonian river basin

Authors

  • Cooper Rosin Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box, 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
  • Varun Swamy Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box, 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Harvard Forest, 324 North Main St., Petersham, MA 01366, USA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1896/044.020.0105

Keywords:

Competitive release, conservation, density compensation, distance sampling, game vertebrates, hunting, tropical forest

Abstract

Large-bodied game species are in decline in tropical forests worldwide due to unsustainable extraction levels by hunters, which can result in cascading effects on vertebrate community structure. In this study, we examine the density responses of primate populations to different levels of hunting pressure in the Madre de Dios river basin, Peru. Across three surveyed sites, both small- and mid-sized primates exhibited population-level density compensation in response to the extirpation of sympatric large primates. Small primate density at one heavily hunted site was 5x that of a comparable nonhunted site, while the highest density of mid-sized primates was recorded at mid-level hunting pressure. Primate response to hunting pressure appears to be influenced by reproductive rate, with strong interspecific variability. High reproductive rate, infrequent extraction, and the relaxation of competitive interactions with extirpated large primates appear to facilitate increasing density of the smallest-bodied species. Evidence from elsewhere in the Madre de Dios basin suggests that large primates are particularly slow to recover from past hunting pressure, with continuing recovery even in sites that have not been hunted for several decades. These variable density responses to hunting pressure alter inter-specific and community dynamics, with potentially expansive short- and long-term ecosystem-level effects.

Published

2013-06-01

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Rosin, C., & Swamy, V. (2013). Variable density responses of primate communities to hunting pressure in a western Amazonian river basin. Neotropical Primates, 20(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1896/044.020.0105