Efecto de la fragmentación y composición del paisaje sobre la presencia de Ateles fusciceps rufiventris en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62015/np.2024.v30.788Palavras-chave:
Conectividad, Impacto humano, Conservación, PaisajeResumo
La fragmentación del hábitat, asociada con la pérdida de biodiversidad y la disminución de poblaciones de especies silvestres, impacta negativamente los recursos ecológicos esenciales para los primates, como el alimento y reproducción. La fragmentación y los cambios en la composición del paisaje afectan la conectividad estructural del entorno y representan una amenaza significativa para el mono araña de cabeza negra (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris), uno de los primates más amenazados por su sensibilidad a la deforestación y la presión por cacería. Su estado de conservación no está actualizado y las respuestas a las perturbaciones en el paisaje aún son desconocidas. Este estudio busca evaluar cómo la fragmentación y composición del paisaje influyen sobre la presencia de A. f. rufiventris en Colombia. En este contexto, se realizó un análisis en 23 localidades con hábitat potencial para A. f. rufiventris en Colombia, para evaluar cómo diferentes características de composición del paisaje, como el tipo y cantidad de hábitat, así como la conectividad entre fragmentos, influyen en su presencia y comportamiento. Para ello, se recopilaron datos sobre la presencia de la subespecie y se caracterizó la composición del paisaje mediante análisis de métricas de fragmentación. La presencia de A. f. rufiventris se confirmó en el 52% (n=12) de las localidades evaluadas. Los resultados revelaron que las zonas con mayor área de bosques maduros y menor perturbación humana tienen una mayor probabilidad de presencia de A. f. rufiventris. Además, la proximidad a los asentamientos humanos afecta la presencia de A. f. rufiventris de manera negativa. Aunque la fragmentación del hábitat no mostró una relación significativa con la presencia de A. f. rufiventris, resulta fundamental mitigar sus efectos mediante la protección y restauración de los bosques existentes, así como la implementación de biocorredores que favorezcan la conectividad ecológica y un aumento de la proporción de bosques en el paisaje. Asimismo, es prioritario desarrollar programas orientados a mejorar la estructura y la composición del paisaje ante la expansión de las actividades humanas.
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